<p>The Kasson Public School building is located at 101 Third Avenue NW in city of Kasson, Dodge County, Minnesota, in the United States. Designed by architect Nels S. Jacobson Jr. of the architectural firm Jacobson & Jacobson, the school was constructed during the years 1917–1918. Kasson&#39;s elementary and high school students began using the building on December 5, 1918.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Summary</h3><br>
<p>The Kasson Public School was constructed during the years 1917–1918. Kasson&#39;s elementary and high school students began using the building on December 5, 1918. Samuel A. Challman, the first State Commissioner of Minnesota School Buildings and the foremost standard-bearer for the construction of Minnesota schools, expressed his approval of the school during a 1919 visit:</p><br>
<p>Commissioner Challman made the following statement about schoolhouse construction in 1914 to the National Education Association of the United States:</p><br>
<p>The school was used continuously from 1918 into 2005. For nearly ninety years the Kasson Public School played a central role in the life of the community. It served as Kasson&#39;s only school building until 1958 when the school district merged with nearby Mantorville and combined high school classes were held at a new school north of town. It served as the Kasson Elementary School for more than four decades after that. It eventually housed an alternative school, community education and school district administrative functions. Those uses were discontinued in 2005. The 1895 Kasson Water Tower, which is on the National Register of Historic Places, is located behind the school.</p><br>
<p>In early 2006 the City of Kasson, MN obtained the school. A November 2006 referendum to reuse the school as a combination city hall, police station and other governmental uses missed approval by only 122 votes. The city council soon voted to demolish the building.</p><br>
<p>In response, local citizens formed the non-profit Kasson Alliance for Restoration (KARE) in January 2007 to advocate for saving the school. In May/June 2007 KARE stopped the demolition by filing a lawsuit against the city. KARE then sponsored an effort which lead to the Kasson Public School being placed on the. The suit was settled out of court in August 2008.</p><br>
<p>As part of the settlement the city and KARE partnered to conduct an Historic Properties Reuse Study which was completed in October 2009 by John Lauber and Company. The reuse study suggested many reuses for the school to include for example apartments, library and a community center. The study instructed the city to: “Market the building to potential development partners (page 4)”. In the fall of 2009, the city formed a Citizen&#39;s Task Force (CTF)to explore the reuse options.</p><br>
<p>In April 2010 The CTF polled Kasson&#39;s citizens and discovered that a majority of them favored reusing the school. In June 2010 the city offered KARE part ownership in the school provided KARE raised $3.9 million by August 31, 2011. KARE declined this offer. In September 2010 the city formed the Kasson Public Library Building Committee (KPLBC) to explore reusing the school site as a library.</p><br>
<p>In August 2011 the KPLBC presented a $4.5 million 20,000 square foot library building plan to the city that called for first demolishing the 1918 School. The city council expressed concern about the cost. In the months preceding November 2011 numerous citizens met personally with council members, attended council meetings and wrote letters to the editor all supporting reusing the school. On November 1, 2011, the city placed the school on the market for $400,000 in an effort to attract developers. Numerous developers attended an open house at the school on November 30, 2011. On December 14, 2011, the City of Kasson received an offer from the developer Sherman Associates of Minneapolis, MN ( regarding their interest in purchasing the Historic 1918 Kasson School. On December 21, 2011, the city council voted to sign a Letter of Intent with Sherman Associates. A senior housing complex is proposed for the school.</p><br>
<h3>2005-2006: City of Kasson Obtains the School</h3><br>
<p>The school buildings future first emerged as an issue in 2005 when the Kasson-Mantorville School District moved the few programs remaining in the building to the districts expansive campus north of town. Seeing an opportunity to meet its needs for additional space, and also to achieve a stated objective of “develop or redevelop the elementary school site to benefit the community and enhance the surrounding neighborhood if discontinue use for educational purposes,” the city retained Kane and Johnson Architects of Rochester to complete a Space Needs Study. The study, among other things, investigated the potential for reusing the school building or site to help meet the city&#39;s long- and short-term facilities needs. As part of this study, Kane and Johnson prepared concept drawings and rough cost estimates showing how the 1918 school building could be converted into a multi-use public building housing city offices, the public library, and space for community gatherings. The Space Needs Study report recommended renonovating the school and stated that preserving the building would be more cost effective the building new. The estimated cost of the project was $3.9 million. With this information in hand the city acquired the 1918 building and site in early 2006 from the school district forgiving approximately $320,000 worth of assessments for infrastructure improvements at the expanding north school campus in exchange for the property.</p><br>
<h3>November 2006 Referendum & First Vote to Demolish</h3><br>
<p>In November 2006, the Kane and Johnson conceptual plan was submitted to local citizens in the form of a referendum. An earlier ballot proposed for a July 2009 special election was deemed illegal by the Minnesota Attorney General&#39;s office. In the November election, voters were asked to decide if the city of Kasson should “be authorized to issue its general obligation bonds in an amount not to exceed $3,900,000 to defray the expense of the renovation, expansion and equipping of the former elementary school for city hall, library, or other governmental purposes.” The referendum failed by a narrow vote of 894 to 1,026. Despite the close vote and no clear mandate, a few weeks later the Kasson city council voted to demolish the building without further consultation with citizens.</p><br>
<h3>2007: Kasson Alliance Formed & Demolition Stopped</h3><br>
<p>In January 2007, a group of preservation-minded advocates from Kasson formed the Kasson Alliance for Restoration (KARE). KARE was formed as a non-profit organization dedicated to finding a way to rehabilitate rather than demolish the building as well as furthering historic preservation within Kasson. In light of the statistically tied vote from November 2006, KARE members lobbied unsuccessfully at numerous council meetings in April 2007 for the city council to reverse its demolition decision and further consult with citizens on the future of the school building to include using Kane and Johnsons expertise. The council chose to move ahead and announced they would open demolition bids in May. As a result, KARE sued the city under provisions of the Minnesota Environmental Rights Act (MERA, which protects historic resources) in an effort to halt the demolition. The lawsuit was filed on the eve of the city opening demolition bids on May 23, 2007. After a hearing in June at which KAREs attorney and the Cities&#39; legal representative from the League of Minnesota Cities presented their cases, the Dodge County Court issued a temporary injunction in June 2007 prohibiting demolition and a trial was set for February 2008. KARE proceeded to have the school listed on the National Register of Historic Places which occurred in December 2007.</p><br>
<h3>2008 Out-of-Court Settlement</h3><br>
<p>More than a year of litigation followed during which the trial was postponed to August 2008 to give the two sides more time to negotiate. In an effort to settle the lawsuit out of court and resolve the school issue, the city of Kasson and KARE, agreed in August 2008 to settle out of court and co-sponsor a Historic Properties Reuse Study of the 1918 Kasson School. The city issued a request for proposals (RFP) for the project in December 2008 and a contract for the project was awarded to a team assembled by John Lauber and Company of Minneapolis in the spring of 2009 (ironically, Kane and Johnson also bid on it). The RFP stated that the purpose of the study was “to define and evaluate reuse options regarding the 1918-era Kasson Elementary School and/or its site.”</p><br>
<h3>2009 Historic Properties Reuse Study</h3><br>
<p>The Reuse Study was jointly sponsored and funded primarily by the City of Kasson and the Kasson Alliance for Restoration (KARE). The study, which cost $30,000, was also funded in part by a grant to KARE for $2,500 from the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Preservation Alliance of Minnesota (a SWEATT Grant). The reuse study was completed in collaboration with a School Reuse Action Committee (SCHRAC) which KARE formed. SCHRAC was a nineteen-member advisory committee of area citizens, city officials, and technical experts formed to assist the Lauber Team with the effort. The Lauber Team visited Kasson and toured the school in the spring of 2009. In June 2009, the team conducted extensive interviews with Kassons citizens and conducted a community workshop followed by additional visits to Kasson later in the summer. A draft reuse study report was issued in September 2009 and the final report was published in October and presented to the City Council. The October 2009 Historic Properties Reuse Study Report and additional information can be viewed at: or the Kasson Alliances website at The City of Kasson subsequently appointed a Citizen Task Force in November 2009 to investigate options for reusing the school.</p><br>
<h3>June 2010 Partnership Offer</h3><br>
<p>On June 9, 2010, the City of Kasson passed a resolution and proposal that offered the Kasson Alliance for Restoration (KARE) a 49% share in owning and maintaining the building provided KARE secured $3.9 million by August 31, 2011, whereupon the city would present a November 2011 referendum for $3.9 million ($7.8 mil total). The resolution, which was threatening in nature, stated that any reuse identified for the building needed to include a library component. KARE responded politely to the proposal in a letter dated June 21 stating in summary: a) it was not within KAREs advocacy mission to own and maintain buildings and b) the required planning and coordination with the library board (a huge problem in past efforts) had not yet been done to fully formulate the reuse plan for the building. KARE stated that no one would sign the proposed agreement/partnership (with a very short time frame) given that the reuse plan was still in its infancy and had not been adopted by the buildings owner (the city) or the library board. The city council subsequently reminded the library board that the cities&#39; designated site for a new, larger library is the historic school site.</p><br>
<h3>2010: Kasson Public Library Building Committee Formed</h3><br>
<p>Previous space needs studies in Kasson had shown that the city could benefit from a larger library which was housed in a 2,294 square foot building. The 2009 Reuse Study identified an expanded library as a leading candidate for reusing the 1918 School. So, on August 4, 2010, KARE board members and volunteers attended the library board meeting to voice KAREs support for the libraries quest for a larger facility and to answer questions about KARE&#39;s mission and the potential to reuse the school as a library. On parallel path, at the council meeting on August 25, Mayor Tim Tjosaas asked the council to form a Kasson Public Library Building Committee (KPLBC) composed of citizen volunteers and non-voting public officials which was approved. The KPLBC began meeting in September 2010 followed by a tour of local libraries and a tour of the historic Kasson Public School.</p><br>
<h3>2011: Kasson Public Library Building Committee Presents A Plan</h3><br>
<p>The KPLBC continued to meet in 2011. In February 2011 the KPLBC announced that they had met with Deb Parrott of the engineering and architecture firm Widseth, Smith, Nolting and Associates. Ms. Parrott, who has experience with library design, was asked to prepare three library design proposals for the historic school as follows: Option 1) total rehabilitation of the 1918 school building, Option 2) a partial or modified rehabilitation of the school building and Option 3) a completely new structure on the general footprint of the existing building.</p><br>
<p>On August 10, 2011, the KPLBC presented the aforementioned Option 3 to the city council. That option proposed replacing the historic 1918 school with a $4.5 million 20,000 square foot library facility which included 3,000 sq. ft. of community meeting space. The plan would have been implemented after demolishing the historic school. The council did not vote to demolish the school however they did vote to have the KPLBC continue with their planning effort. The chambers were full of school supporters. Council member Mike Marti expressed concern about the cost. Letters to the editor soon started appearing supporting the reuse of the school building. On August 12, the Rochester Post Bulletin editorial board stated (quoting): “don’t demolish the school until a firm decision has been made-and funding obtained for whatever structure will replace it”.</p><br>
<h3>August 2011 Environmental Assessment Worksheet (EAW)</h3><br>
<p>In a move that implied that the city was contemplating demolition, on Wednesday August 24 the Kasson City Council selected a bid to conduct an Environmental Assessment Worksheet (EAW) on the historic 1918 Kasson School. An assessment worksheet is required by MN state law for any National Register Listed building prior to it being demolished. The Minnesota Historical Society, Preservation Alliance of Minnesota and all citizens can comment on the EAW. An organization called Pathfinders CRM (Robert Vogel) in partnership with the AE firm Widseth, Smith and Nolting were awarded the bid. The City Council has not voted to demolish the school but the EAW process is a step in that direction. In the meantime, Kassons citizens are meeting with council members to discuss alternatives to demolition. Robert Vogel (from Pathfinders CRM, LLC) was selected to work on the EAW in partnership with the Architect and Engineering firm Widseth, Smith and Nolting. At this point the EAW was required by Minnesotas Environmental Resources Act (MERA) due to KARE successfully placing the school on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in December 2007.</p><br>
<h3>November 2011: Environmental Assessment Worksheet Published and Reviewed</h3><br>
<p>In the months preceding November 2011 numerous citizens met personally with council members, attended council meetings and wrote letters to the editor all supporting reusing the school. On November 1, 2011, the city listed the 1918 school for sale thru Kathy O’Malley of Counselor Realty of Rochester, MN. On November 28, 2011, the Minnesota Environmental Quality Board (EQB) announced in their newsletter that the EAW for the historic Kasson School was available for review. The city was selected by the EQB to be the Responsible Government Unit (RGU) with sole review authority over the EAW. The EAW comments were due to City Planner Mike Martin 30 days later on December 28, 2011.</p><br>
<p>On November 30, 2011, an open house was held at the school which was preceded by a presentation on the advantages of historic preservation by Bonnie McDonald, executive director of the Preservation Alliance of Minnesota. Numerous developers attended and were clearly interesting in developing the school</p><br>
<h3>December 2011: Sherman and Associates&#39; Offer to Purchase the School, EAW Comments Due</h3><br>
<p>On December 14, 2011, the City of Kasson received an offer from the developer Sherman Associates of Minneapolis, MN ( regarding their interest in purchasing the Historic 1918 Kasson School. On December 21, 2011, the city council voted to sign a Letter of Intent with Sherman Associates. A senior housing complex was proposed for the school. In the meantime the EAW review process was ongoing with comments due December 28. Comments were provided by the following entities: a) Preservation Alliance of Minnesota, b) State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), Minnesota Historical Society, c) Minnesota Department of Transportation (required) and d) and many private citizens. At the city council meeting on January 25, 2102, the city determined that an EIS was not needed and that Minnesota law did not require them to modify the EAW as requested in the review comments.</p><br>
<h3>October - November 2012: Sherman and Associates Requests Local Investment</h3><br>
<p>On October 25, 2012 Paul Keenan, Project Manager, Sherman and Associates contacted the realtor Kathy O&#39;Malley stating:</p><br>
<p>"I regret to say we were not awarded income-based housing tax credits today by the Minnesota Housing and Finance Agency. We lost out to 3 projects with subsidized rents (Section 8) and another project that committed 25% of its units to homeless applicants which would not have been a good fit for Kasson. These types of projects had a scoring advantage over our project. I am going to wait a few days to see how everything shakes out and see if we have any other options for funding. I will keep you posted." The Kasson team explored various options with Paul and the builder Joe Weiss. On Nov 13, Paul wrote: "I have reviewed the construction pricing with Weiss and we think we can cut $250K from the budget possibly. That leaves the gap at $1.5 million. In terms of a local contribution that has been discussed, where do you think those funds would come from?" No one stepped forward to lead the effort to raise the funds thus Sherman and Associates cancelled their purchase agreement.</p><br>
<h3>2013: City of Kasson, Second Vote to Demolish</h3><br>
<p>The city council voted again to demolish the school. Citizens again stepped forward suing the city. The city relented and offered to sell the school for $240,000. The 1918 Kasson Public School Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP) was formed. $92,000 was raised by selling shares at $500.00 per share to investors. The balance was donated by Kasson resident Jon Tollefson. The school was purchased by the LLLP. The Kasson Alliance for Restoration (KARE) was appointed as the LLLP&#39;s General Partner.</p><br>
<h3>2013 - October 2015: Cohen-Esrey&#39;s Purchase Agreement</h3><br>
<p>Tom Anderson, Project Manager, Cohen-Esrey expressed interest in reusing the 1918 school as Section 42 affordable housing apartments. The Cohen-Esrey "family of companies" has developed thousands of apartments over at least two decades. Since 1994, Cohen-Esrey Affordable Partners LLC has used housing and historic tax credits to create over 4,000 units of affordable housing for seniors and families. Cohen-Esrey Communities LLC has managed about 500 apartment complexes in about 175 cities, with more 60,000 apartments.</p><br>
<p>Cohen-Esrey signed a purchase agreement and requested permits and a variance. On May 11, 2015 the Kasson Planning and Zoning Commission in a 6–1 vote recommended that the city council approve a conditional use permit (CUP) for the school property to allow multifamily housing on the site. The commission also recommended that the city council approve a variance to allow less than 50 percent green space on the property. The general consensus was that the project, which would remove some paved areas, increased permeability over the existing condition. The room was packed with people. Tom Anderson from Cohen-Esrey made a presentation. Before voting, the commission debated how to strike a balance with the citizens and neighbors of the building who opposed the project and those supporting the schools reuse. Neighbors who opposed the project stated the density of 24 multi-family units was too large for the single family residential neighborhood. Concerns about additional traffic and other issues were also discussed. However, Minnesota law states that a CUP cannot be denied based on citizen input if the CUP application meets the requirements listed in the city code. In the end the Commission decided that the CUP application met the approval requirements listed in the cities code and the variance was approved allowing the installation of impermeable surface over 60% of the property. The Planning Commission put the following conditions on the CUP:</p><br>
<p>1. The Developer must install a combination fence and natural screening border acceptable to t the Zoning Administrator prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy</p><br>
<p>2. The Developer must provide at least one outdoor, on-site smoking area acceptable to the Zoning Administrator prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy.</p><br>
<p>3. The Developer must provide an ingress/egress plan acceptable to the Zoning Administrator prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy.</p><br>
<p>On May 13, 2015 the city council subsequently voted to approve the CUP. A motion to approve the Conditional Use Permit for Cohen-Esrey was made by Borgstrom, second by Buck with Buck, Borgstrom and Johnson voting Aye. Coleman and Eggler voted Nay. The CUP vote passed 3–2. A motion to approve the variance request for Cohen-Esrey was made by Coleman, seconded by Borgstrom with Buck, Borgstrom, Coleman, Eggler and Johnson voting Aye. The vote passed 5–0.</p><br>
<p>In October 2015 Tom Anderson reported, similar to Sherman and Associates, the project was not awarded income-based housing tax credits from the Minnesota Housing and Finance Agency. Cohen-Esrey cancelled their purchase agreement.</p><br>
<h3>2022: Kasson Historic Properties LLC, Lawsuit, State Tax Credits Expire</h3><br>
<p>In July 2022, Paul Warshauer, registered Kasson Historic Properties, (KHP) LLC with the State of Minnesota and signed a purchase agreement for the school. KHP LLC is an umbrella organization to reuse the school as senior housing. The project was titled "Water Tower Place" as a nod to the 1895 water tower which resides in the northwest corner for the schools playground. It was determined approximately $4,000,000 was needed in local investment and additional funding for the project to be viable; a reminder of Sherman and Associates shortfall. In 2022 various hurdles, including a lawsuit from an unsuccessful bidder and the State of Minnesota&#39;s historic tax credit program expiring, prevented the project from moving forward.</p><br>
<h3>2023: Kasson Historic Properties LLC, Second Attempt</h3><br>
<p>In 2022 the purchase agreement was extended to allow time for options to be explored.</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church, built in 1867, is an historic Episcopal church located at 1041 Wisconsin Avenue, NW, in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Historically known as Grace Protestant Episcopal Church, it was added under that name to the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1971. It is also known as Mission Church for Canal Boatmen.</p><br>
<p>Grace Church is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Washington. The Rev. John Graham is the current rector.</p><br>
<p>The George Draper Dayton House was built in 1890 in Worthington, Minnesota, United States. George Dayton hired the Sioux Falls architect Wallace L. Dow to design his grand home on a parcel that took up eight lots.</p><br>
<h2>George Dayton</h2><br>
<p>George Dayton (1857-1938) came to Minnesota from New York in 1883. His family was one of average means, and he had hoped to become a minister, but was lured by the urge to be in the business world. He married Emma Chadwick in 1878 and began buying farm mortgages in southwest Minnesota. In 1883 he and his family moved to Worthington, Minnesota, where he was able to build wealth in the growing economy.</p><br>
<p>He presided over the Bank of Worthington and founded the Minnesota Loan and Investment Company, advancing his social status and prosperity. Dayton continued to live by his religious principles by improving his community and dedicating himself to the service of others; he served on the Worthington Board of Education, and was church clerk, elder, and trustee of Westminster Presbyterian Church, teaching Sunday school and hosting church events at his home.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The home features a large front porch with columns supporting the overhanging roof, supported by brackets and complemented by dentil moulding, and balcony above, accented by a Palladian-style leaded-glass window. The shake roof is interrupted by large dormers, three chimneys, and a widow&#39;s walk. The frieze above the second-floor windows are decorated with ornamental swags.</p><br>
<p>The cherry front door is topped by a leaded glass transom and flanked by leaded glass sidelights. Woodwork includes cherry and oak pocket doors, mosaic wood flooring, carved banisters, and carved fretwork above the grand staircase.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the Daytons moved to Minneapolis in 1902 to found Daytons Dry Goods store (later to become Daytons department store), the home was sold to Florence and Charles Smallwood. Florences father, Justin Pierce Moulton had been a business partner of Daytons. The Smallwoods lived in the home until 1921, when it was inherited by Mary Emmaline Smallwood, who was married to State Senator John Cashel. After Mary died in 1931, Cashel married Ruth Gertz. Following John Cashel&#39;s death in 1938, Ruth converted the home to a nursing home and operated it for 50 years, during which time much of the original interior was distorted. In 2002 a non-profit historic preservation group purchased the building for $150,000. Restoration costs were approximately $2,000,000 and it is now operated as a bed and breakfast and available for receptions.</p><br>
<p>Gatecliff Rockshelter  is a major archaeological site in the Great Basin area of the western United States that provides remarkable stratigraphy; it has been called the "deepest archaeological rock shelter in the Americas". Located in Mill Canyon of the Toquima Range in the Monitor Valley of central Nevada, Gatecliff Rockshelter has an elevation of 7,750 ft. David Hurst Thomas discovered Gatecliff Rockshelter in 1970 and began excavations in 1971. Full scale excavations occurred at Gatecliff Rockshelter for about seven field seasons in which nearly 10 m of sediments were exposed for a well-defined stratigraphic sequence. The well-preserved artifacts and undisturbed sediments at Gatecliff Rockshelter provides data and information have been applied to a range of research topics. Based on the analysis of the artifacts at Gatecliff Rockshelter, it can be determined that it was most likely a short-term field camp throughout prehistory. The latest evidence for human usage at Gatecliff occurs between ca. 5500 B.P. to 1250 B.P.</p><br>
<p>In August 1974, a short-film was created: Gatecliff: American Indian Rock-Shelter.</p><br>
<p>In April 1979, Gatecliff Rockshelter was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>David Hurst Thomas discovered Gatecliff Rockshelter in June 1970 following his first field season in the Reese River Valley and ancient Lake Tonopah. Thomas also conducted systematic settlement surveys of the Monitor Valley in Central Nevada in efforts to study prehistoric ecology, subsistence patterns, and chronological sequences of the Great Basin.</p><br>
<p>After a day of excavation, Thomas and his crew stopped by a local diner. At the dinner, Thomas spoke with the waitress&#39;s husband, Gale Peer, a mining geologist with over 40 years of experience in the Great Basin. Peer gave the crew of archaeologists a few general directions to an interesting cave with possible rock art. The following year, Thomas returned and attempted to search for this cave. After searching through nearly 15 canyons in the area, driving through and getting out of the car to physically check the caves and rock shelters, Thomas ended at the Mill Canyon. At the opening of the rock shelter, Thomas observed pictographs but no visual artifacts. The paintings were human figures in red and yellow as well as cryptic motifs in black and white on the ceiling and rear wall. Thomas then dug a 30 cm deep test pit to ensure the potential of the site. The test pit revealed sub-surface deposits and incised stones with some burned bones. Given the potential for undisturbed deposits useful for establishing a chronological framework for the area, further excavations began in 1971 and continued for nearly 7 years.</p><br>
<h3>Naming</h3><br>
<p>The archaeological site Gatecliff Rockshelter is named after the Silurian Gatecliff Formation, in which rock shelter occurs. It is made up of chert and dolomite strata.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>After the initial discovery in 1970, Thomas and a crew from the University of California Davis began an extensive, large scale excavation. By the end of the first season, the crew had excavated a 7 meter long and 3 meter deep trench. Research continued in 1973 with the sponsorship of the American Museum of Natural History and Expeditions International. The excavations that year reached a depth of 4.8 meters and obtained radiocarbon dates of approximately 2500 B.C. In 1974, the American Museum of Natural History and Education Expeditions International again sponsored the excavations at the Gatecliff Rockshelter. By the end of this season, the crew had excavated 98 cubic meters of deposits. Due to the danger of the steep and exposed sidewalls, the excavation strategy switched from vertical to horizontal. Starting in 1975, the excavators at Gatecliff removed stratigraphic layers one by one based on their natural levels. Natural levels were determined by the different strata in the deposits seen in the excavation profile. Horizontal strategies continued in 1976 in which the excavators ultimately removed deposits until reaching bedrock. Excavations were completed in late August 1978 with a depth of nearly 12 m and a total of 650 m&sup3; of deposits removed.</p><br>
<h3>Vertical excavation</h3><br>
<p>The initial objective at Gatecliff Rockshelter, Nevada was establishing and dating a stratigraphic sequence that could be applied regionally in the Great Basin area; this would require a vertical excavation strategy. During the early excavations, the deposits were troweled and screened with a 1/8 inch mesh screen. The vertical excavation revealed a pattern of periodic floods that filled the rock shelter with silt and, when dried out, people exploited it again. Due to the hazardous, steep walls produced by the vertical excavation, Thomas and his crew changed their strategy in 1975 as well as their primary objectives; instead of working on exposing a deep, stratified profile, the crew began to remove the deposits over a larger horizontal area to document activity areas. No further excavation occurred on the sidewalls.</p><br>
<h3>Horizontal excavation</h3><br>
<p>During the excavations, Gatecliff Rockshelter proved to be more useful than just for chronology. The new objective with a horizontal excavation at the rock shelter, the previous being chronology, emphasized the reconstruction pre-historic activities and events that occurred at the site. The focus shifted to finding artifacts and mapping them on large-scale living floor maps. In 1975, over a period of ten days, the crew removed a massive chert roof fall that covered half of the rear of the rock shelter. The excavation units were removed by the visible natural levels or strata; if natural levels exceeded 10 cm, arbitrary levels were created within the natural levels. Bags of deposits were passed outside of the cave and then screened outside.</p><br>
<h2>Stratigraphy</h2><br>
<p>The decade of excavations from 1970 to 1978 exposed a remarkable stratigraphic sequence at Gatecliff Rockshelter. The lack of erosion and episodic deposits of sediments due to water provided a well-defined and intact cultural sequence that could be applied to the Great Basin area. The deposits also include a 2 cm layer of tephra from Mount Mazama&#39;s eruption about 6600 to 7000 B.P. The stratigraphy can also be divided into eight stages to reflect a specific climatic regime. Forty-seven radiocarbon dates were obtained and thoroughly ground the chronological sequence of Gatecliff Rockshelter.</p><br>
<h2>Paleontology</h2><br>
<p>In Gatecliff Rockshelter, the excavators recovered over 51,000 animal bones. Donald K. Grayson identified and analyzed approximately 13,000 bones and teeth of small mammals. Due to the nature of the rock shelter and the lack of taphonomic knowledge, Grayson argued that the processes that produced this massive collection of bones could not be determined. It could be a result of human activities, other animals, and natural processes. These small mammals include rabbits, chipmunks, squirrels, gophers, rats, voles, mice, dogs, and coyotes; only two of the taxa found at Gatecliff are absent from the present Toquima-Monitor area.</p><br>
<p>Large mammal remains represent the bulk of the bones found at Gatecliff. Roughly 90% of the bones came from the bighorn sheep, a major prey of high-altitude hunters. Other large mammals include pronghorn, elk, and bison.</p><br>
<p>On a smaller scale, approximately 500 elements of amphibians and reptiles were recovered. The amphibians and reptiles at the rock shelter include lizards, toads, and snakes.</p><br>
<h2>Material culture</h2><br>
<p>The excavations at Gatecliff Rockshelter recovered over 400 projectile points. The sequence contains the Gatecliff series dating from ca. 4000 B.C. – 1000 B.C., the Elko series from ca. 1300 B.C. – A.D., Rosegate series from ca. A.D. 700- A.D. 1300, and the Desert series from ca. A.D. 1300 – 1850. Several turquoise mines exist throughout the Monitor Valley which could provide the turquoise source for Gatecliff; Indian Blue Mine is the best known mine located 3 miles south of Toquima Cave.</p><br>
<p>Gatecliff Rockshelter also produced over 400 incised stones – the largest known concentration in the New World. The incised stones at Gatecliff Rockshelter include simple to complex motifs of lines, rows, chevrons, circles, and striations. Incised stones have also been considered as a means of dating rock art styles.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 35 perishable artifacts were recovered in Gatecliff Rockshelter; these include 11 basket fragments and 18 pieces of cordage. The preferred material for cordage is Artemisia (genus) and Salix sp. for baskets. According to James M. Adovasio, the preference for willow, despite its sporadic distribution across Monitor Valley, comes from its durability, flexibility, consistent thickness of the bark, and the lack of lateral twigs. The techniques used in the Monitor Valley include simple twining, open and close diagonal twining, and coiling.</p><br>
<p>In addition, the excavations at Gatecliff Rockshelter recovered 17 shell beads and 4 ornaments. The shells include Olivella (gastropod), Haliotis cracherodii, and Haliotis cracherodii. Other materials include mica and stone.</p><br>
<p>Additional artifacts found at Gatecliff Rockshelter include wooden artifacts (promontory pegs, firemaking tools, bow fragments, etc.), bone artifacts (bone beads, awls, and tubes), a glass bead (possible trade bead), a few pieces of ceramic sherds, and some incised clay objects.</p><br>
<h2>Rock art</h2><br>
<p>The rock art at Gatecliff Rockshelter includes white, red, yellow, and orange pigments; black was not used on the walls but decorated small stones. The paint materials are derived from local sources. Of the images, fifty-three were recognizable with 13 different motifs and some unidentifiable blotches. The important images include human anthropomorphs and linear arrangements. Cupule motifs account for 11 percent of the images, handprints 9 percent, and bisected chevrons 7 present.</p><br>
<p>Crouse College, also known as Crouse Memorial College and historically as John Crouse Memorial College for Women, is a building on the Syracuse University campus. It was funded by John R. Crouse, a wealthy Syracuse merchant  with the White family , and designed by Archimedes Russell. It is built in the Romanesque revival—Richardsonian Romanesque style.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is also one of the historical Comstock Tract buildings on the Syracuse campus. It currently houses Syracuse University&#39;s College of Visual and Performing Arts. Chiefly, its classrooms and auditorium are at the service of the Setnor School of Music.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Crouse College was home to the first College of Fine Arts in the United States and now is known for both its College of Visual and Performing Arts and the Rose, Jules R., and Stanford S. Setnor School of Music.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The first cornerstone for the new college was laid in June 1888, and the building was completed in September 1889 by the Norcross Brothers of Massachusetts at the cost of $500,000. It was a gift from local merchant and banker, John Crouse. The elder Crouse was a trustee of the university and built the college as a memorial to his late wife. The university originally announced that it will be dedicated on June 22, but Mr. Crouse showed displeasure that the building would be dedicated before completion and Chancellor Sims backed down, with dedication taking place on September 18, 1889. The architect, Archimedes Russell, was not restricted as to cost by the donor, and cost exceeded the planned budget.</p><br>
<p>At the time of construction, it was the third building on campus and the highest structure in the city. It was built in the Romanesqueue Revival style "with High Victorian Gothic qualities." The structure is supported by a "stout" granite foundation and the exterior is covered with Longmeadow brownstone. Architectural details include high roofs, gables, dormer windows and rounded arches. The interior is "distinctively" Romanesque and carved hardwood woodwork designs, representative of the period, are displayed throughout.</p><br>
<p>The building was intended for use as a women&#39;s college and was originally named the John Crouse Memorial College for Women; however, John Crouse died during its construction and his son D. Edgar Crouse opened the institution for use by both men and women.</p><br>
<h4>Restoration</h4><br>
<p>The Crouse College underwent renovation in 2001, 2004, and most recently in 2019. The three cupolas were removed and restored in 2019.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<h3>Setnor auditorium and the pipe organ</h3><br>
<p>An auditorium seating about 700 people was included, although intended at first as a chapel. The auditorium underwent a renovation in 1998, which included replacing the seats with wooden chairs reminiscent of the originals, cleaning the chandeliers and organ pipes, and refinishing its hardwood floors.</p><br>
<p>There is a pipe organ in the auditorium which is one of America&#39;s most important historic instruments. It was originally installed by the Roosevelt Organ Works of New York city in 1889 and was rebuilt by the Estey Organ Company of Vermont in 1924. The Holtkamp Organ Company upgraded the organ in 1950 which incorporated electro-pneumatic controls. The 3,823-pipe organ retains many of the original pipes. It represents a style of American organ building that flourished in the mid-20th century and is closely associated with builder Walter Holtkamp. It is widely considered to be his magnum opus.</p><br>
<h3>Bell tower</h3><br>
<p>The bell tower of the building housed the first "tower chimes" installed in Syracuse, which is still in use today. The original nine bells (later 10, then 14) ranged in weight from 375 to 3,000 pounds, and were manufactured by Clinton H. Meneely Bell Company of Troy, N.Y. A student group The Chimesmasters from the Setnor School of Music are responsible for ringing of the chimes regularly throughout the academic year and for special occasions. In 2014, they hosted a concert to celebrate the bell towers&#39; 125th anniversary.</p><br>
<h3>Sculpture and stained glass</h3><br>
<p>Winged Victory, a sculpture that was modeled after the original, which was discovered in the Mediterranean Sea and since moved to the Louvre, is located at the bottom of the main staircase. The building also contains stained glass "associated with religious subject matter and spiritual renewal." The stained glass was designed by Richard Wolff, a former faculty member, and students from the college&#39;s School of Art and Design and was installed in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Winged Victory of Samothrace sculpture, Crouse College, Syracuse University (1894).jpg</p><br>
<p>Crouse College Syracuse University Interior 2.JPG</p><br>
<p>Crouse College Syracuse University Interior 3.JPG</p><br>
<p>Crouse College Syracuse University Rear View.JPG</p><br>
<p>Crouse College in Snow.JPG</p><br>
<p>The Hall of Languages is a Syracuse University building designed by Horatio Nelson White in the Second Empire architectural style, and built in 1871–73. It was the first building constructed on the Syracuse University campus and the building originally housed the entire university.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s cornerstone was laid on August 31, 1871, by Jesse Truesdell Peck, and the building was dedicated on May 8, 1873, by Edmund S. James, then Bishop of the New York Conference. It is styled after the Gridley Building in Downtown Syracuse, which was also designed by the same architect. It features three large towers or cupolas and is made of Onondaga limestone and wood framing with interior cast-iron columns. The original building consisted of the east and west towers only; in 1886 the central tower was added. It was originally home to the College of Liberal Arts (now defunct), and subsequently the College of Arts and Sciences.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The iconic building has been prominently displayed as a representation of the university in many forums. The building served as creative inspiration for the Addams Family home in the TV show. Most recently starting in 2010 the Syracuse Orange men&#39;s basketball team started wearing NIKE jerseys that feature an aerographic of the Hall of Languages.</p><br>
<p>St. Luke&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located at 1514 15th Street, N.W., in Washington, D.C. Completed in 1879, it is home to the oldest African-American Episcopal congregation in the city. It was designated a USA National Historic Landmark in 1976 for its association with Rev. Alexander Crummell , a leading figure advocating black self-sufficiency and civil rights in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>St. Luke&#39;s is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Washington. As of 2022, the Rector is the Rev. Kim Turner Baker.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Lukes Episcopal Church is located west of Washingtons Logan Circle, on the west side of 15th Street at its junction with Church Street. It is a masonry structure built mainly out of Chesapeake bluestone with an ashlar finish and laid in random courses. A steeply pitched slate roof covers it. The main facade is symmetrical, with a large central entry portico consisting of two pairs of double doors set in a Gothic arch surround and a large Gothic-arched window in the gable above. Flank lower wings each have smaller but still substantial Gothic windows. The interior is finished in dark oak and has a barrel-vaulted ceiling with posts of iron and wood supporting the roof trusses.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1875, some members of St. Marys Chapel for Colored People in Foggy Bottom and their rector, the Rev. Alexander Crummell of New York City and Liberia (where he worked for 20 years), left St. Marys to found St. Lukes as the first independent black Episcopal church in Washington. St. Lukes was chartered as a Colored Episcopal Mission. Its neighborhood of Columbia Heights had numerous black families.</p><br>
<p>Calvin Brent, generally considered Washington&#39;s first black architect, designed the church after an Anglican church in Cambridge, England. Construction on the church began in 1876 and completed in 1880.</p><br>
<p>The first service was held on Thanksgiving Day, 1879. Alexander Crummell served as rector until his retirement in 1894.</p><br>
<p>The Von Allmen Dairy Farm House in Louisville, Kentucky, USA, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 11, 2007. Built in 1912, it was purchased in 1919 by Emil Von Allmen, president of the Gray-Von Allmen Sanitary Milk Company. It was described as "the last vestige of a well-known dairy farm".</p><br>
<p>The house is of Bungalow/Craftsman style, 1½ stories high, with Neo-classical detailing.</p><br>
<p>Eventually, the consolidation of dairy farming caused the farm to stop producing. Of the original 226 acre, only 4 acre remain of the property, with the rest consumed by Louisville sprawl.</p><br>
<p>Dean Corbett, chef of the Equus restaurant in St. Matthews, Kentucky, planned to restore the building into a new upscale restaurant called "Corbett&#39;s: An American Place". On December 13, 2007, it had a "soft opening" with a hard opening on December 15, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Other usesGrand Army of the Republic Hall </p><br>
<p>The Grand Army of the Republic Hall, also known as the General Frederick W. Lander Post No. 5, Grand Army of the Republic, is an historic building located at 58 Andrew Street in Lynn, Massachusetts, in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The hall was built in 1885 by members of the Grand Army of the Republic as a meeting hall and memorial to the Union Army veterans of the Civil War. Of many such halls built in the country, the Lynn GAR Hall is the largest. Only 13 remain nationwide, and only this one in Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>On May 7, 1979, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The hall is now the Grand Army of the Republic Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hall was the meeting place of the General Frederick W. Lander Post No. 5, which was one of 210 GAR posts in Massachusetts. It was designed by Wheeler & Northend, Lynn architects.</p><br>
<p>It is now the Grand Army of the Republic Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Pi Chapter House of Psi Upsilon Fraternity is a building on the Syracuse University campus. It was designed by Wellington W. Taber and built for Psi Upsilon fraternity in 1898.</p><br>
<p>Pi Chapter House is architecturally significant for its Neoclassical design and its historic role as "the oldest intact surviving fraternity residence at Syracuse University and for its association with the emergence of fraternal organizations as major components of Syracuse college life at the turn of the 20th century."</p><br>
<p>The building underwent a $350,000 facade renovation in phases between 2009 and 2013. The crowning touches were completed in September 2014. The renovations were intended to restore the house to its historical architectural integrity. The exterior was painted white, replacing the darker yellow tint enduring since the mid-1970s.</p><br>
<p>The Pi chapter of Psi Upsilon was established at Syracuse University in 1875, but was operating before that when SU was known as Genessee college, under the name Upsilon Kappa. Upsilon Kappa was a secret society that disbanded after every chapter meeting, in an effort to preserve secrecy without members lying to outsiders about their participation.</p><br>
<p>The Clark and McCormack Quarry and House consists of a historic quarry and the adjacent residential estate of one of the owners in Rockville, Minnesota, United States. The Clark and McCormack Quarry was established in 1907, and was the source of Rockville Pink granite. The John Clark House was built in 1924 with granite from the quarry. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its local significance in the theme of industry. It was nominated for being one of Minnesotas major producers of structural granite and the best representative of eastern Stearns Countys important granite quarrying industry.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site of the Clark and McCormack Quarry was originally a 1 acre dome of granite rising above the surrounding land. Once the exposed rock was removed, quarrying continued below ground, leaving the pit that is visible today.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, handcarts on tracks were used to transport rough blocks to shops on the periphery of the quarry for finishing. No historic buildings or structures remain around the quarry itself. The operation&#39;s early buildings were all demolished as the pit was enlarged, and a few cutting sheds that survived longer were lost to a fire. To the south, however, across Minnesota State Highway 23, stands the John Clark House. It is a two-story rectangular building with a single-story sunporch on one side. The entrance is centered on the wider, west-facing façade. The house has a hip roof with chimneys at either end. The walls are built of rusticated granite from the quarry.</p><br>
<p>The property includes a detached three-stall garage at its southwest corner. Its design closely matches the house, with stone walls, a hip roof, and its own chimney.</p><br>
<p>Clark&M quarry.jpgThe Clark and McCormick Quarry in 1990</p><br>
<p>John Clark House and Garage.jpgThe John Clark House and garage from the southwest</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Clark was a Scottish immigrant who worked as a stonecutter in his home country, then in Youngstown, Ohio; Detroit; and Stratford, Ontario, before settling in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He joined the firm of Matthew Breen, which had opened the state&#39;s first commercial quarry in 1868. Clark established two new quarries for Breen in eastern Stearns County.</p><br>
<p>In 1907 Clark formed his own partnership with fellow Saint Paul resident John McCormick. McCormick had connections with Archbishop John Ireland and secured a major contract to provide 250,000 cuft of granite for the Cathedral of Saint Paul then under construction in the capital. By 1912 their Rockville quarry employed an average of 85 men and was producing 300 to 400 cuft of finished stone daily. McCormick, who only planned to be involved for the duration of the cathedral contract, left the partnership in 1916, after which the business became the John Clark Company. Two years later the quarry ranked as Minnesotas largest producer of structural granite. Stone from the quarry was used in the Foley Square Courthouse in New York City, a hospital in St. Cloud, Minnesota, and dozens of other buildings around the country. The quarry was also the instrumental force behind Rockvilles growth as a community. Stonecutters brought in from Scotland and Scandinavia were so numerous that they regularly co-opted Rockville&#39;s Main Street for soccer games after work.</p><br>
<p>John Clark continued to reside in Saint Paul until 1924, when his Rockville house was completed across the road from the quarry. Clark&#39;s son John Gordon Clark designed the house and company stonemasons handled the construction. It is one of the few residences in Stearns County actually built from local granite; the material was usually too valuable to use in anything but major civic and corporate buildings.</p><br>
<p>In 1942 the John Clark Company was purchased by Cold Spring Granite, now Coldspring.</p><br>
<p>Wing Hall is a building on the campus of Cornell University that was built during 1912–1914. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Wing Hall was designed by architect E.B. Green, himself a Cornell alumnus, of Buffalo architectural firm Green & Wicks.</p><br>
<p>Along with Fernow Hall and Caldwell Hall, designed by the same firm, it was funded by a New York State appropriation in 1912.</p><br>
<p>It is a three-story building. Its main entrance is centered in its long elevation, with a central bay projecting slightly from flanking walls. It has a two-story three-bay-wide Ionic-columned portico, with pilasters defining the bays of the third story above.</p><br>
<p>It was built for teaching of animal husbandry, and was located near recently built university barns, about one-half mile east of the original college buildings. Its NRHP nomination describes that "It combined extensive practical laboratory space with a library containing the herd and flock books of different breeds and an auditorium into which live animals could be brought."</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Dickson White House, commonly referred to as the "A.D. White House," is a High Victorian Gothic house on the campus of Cornell University, designed by William Henry Miller and Charles Babcock. It houses the Cornell University Society for the Humanities.</p><br>
<p>The house was commissioned in 1871 by Andrew Dickson White, co-founder and first president of the university. The house is richly decorated with stone carvings according to Whites tastes, intended to remind students of mens accomplishments and inspire them to higher purpose and an appreciation of beauty. White left the house to the university for the perpetual use of its later presidents. Presidents still use the study on the southeast side of the building as a private office/retreat.</p><br>
<p>In 1953, the house was renovated for use as the University Art Museum, and its carriage house converted into what is now the Big Red Barn, a graduate student lounge. It served in this role until 1973, and was considered for demolition. Henry Guerlac, Director of the university&#39;s Society for the Humanities, led the cause to prevent its destruction and have it placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The house library is now called the Guerlac Room in his honor. Since the construction of a new Johnson museum, the house has been used for offices of the Humanities Society.</p><br>
<p>Fernow Hall is an early twentieth century Cornell University building, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It currently houses the Department of Natural Resources. It is named in honor of Bernhard Fernow, who was the only Dean during the five-year history of the New York State College of Forestry at Cornell. It was designed by Green & Wicks in the Colonial Revival style and constructed in 1915.</p><br>
<p>Rice Hall is a building on the Cornell University campus that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is a three-story rectangular building. Its first floor is built with rusticated brick imitating clapboards, and has coursed brickwork above. It has a slate roof.</p><br>
<p>Its basement provides storage to the Cornell Computer Reuse Association (CCRA), a registered Cornell student organization whose mission is to donate computers and other computer-related technology to humanitarian organizations in the developing world, the local Ithaca community, and elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Its eligibility for LEED certification is under review.</p><br>
<p>Deke House, the Delta Kappa Epsilon or "Deke" House on the campus of Cornell University, was built in 1893 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 13 South Avenue in Ithaca, New York.</p><br>
<p>The original 1893 building was designed to house only 16 students. Three sides of the exterior were clad with marble from the St. Lawrence Marble Company of Gouverneur, New York. It was built on land leased to the fraternity by Cornell University.INDENTURE dated 1 October 1893, "Cornell University to D.K.E. Fraternity," Tompkins County NY Liber 141</p><br>
<p>(Deeds), pp. 386-8, recorded 25 October 1893. Except for World War II, it was occupied continuously by the fraternity from September 1894 through May 2014. During World War II, it was occupied by Navy personnel being trained at Cornell. From September 2014, through May 2018, it housed single, male graduate and professional students. In August 2018, the fraternity returned.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, Miller was retained to design an addition to the original 12 x 15 foot dining room. He enclosed the loggia on the west side of the building to add 500 square feet.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, the south half of the property was converted into a university parking lot. In 1991, the building was added to the national register, and in 2003 the City of Ithaca designated it a Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Gordon House is a residence designed by influential architect Frank Lloyd Wright, now located within the Oregon Garden, in Silverton, Oregon. It is an example of Wright&#39;s Usonian vision for America.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the last of the Usonian series that Wright designed as affordable housing for American working class consumers, which—in 1939—were considered to have an annual income of $5,000–6,000 ($95,000 to $113,000 in 2021 dollars). The house is based on a design for a modern home commissioned by Life magazine in 1938.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed in 1957 for Evelyn and Conrad Gordon, and finished in 1963 (four years after Frank Lloyd Wrights death). It was originally located near Wilsonville, Oregon, situated to take advantage of views of the adjacent Willamette River on the west side and Mount Hood to the east. After Evelyn Gordons death in 1997, the house was sold to new owners David and Carey Smith, who wanted to tear it down to make room for a larger, more contemporary structure. The Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy became involved in attempts to preserve the historic house. The "Building Conservancy" is an organization devoted to advocating for Wright buildings, and finding sites for buildings that have been put on the market. In early 2001, the Building Conservancy obtained a three-month reprieve to dismantle the Gordon House,</p><br>
<p>and move it to the Oregon Garden, about 21 miles (34 km) southeast of its original location. The Conservancy accepted a proposal from the Oregon Garden Society, assisted by the City of Silverton, to take charge of moving and reinstalling the house. Dismantling began on March 9, 2001. The house was moved in four large pieces, with the upper floor, containing two bedrooms and one bath, moved as a single unit. Overall neglect required refurbishing of the structure&#39;s siding and roofing which was arranged by grants from the Architecture Foundation of Oregon and the Oregon Cultural Trust. A new foundation replicating the original was constructed.</p><br>
<p>The house opened one year later as the only publicly accessible Frank Lloyd Wright home in the Pacific Northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>With of floor space, the house boasts 12 ft floor-to-ceiling windows and glass French doors in the living room and Wrights classic horizontal designs and features connecting interior and exterior space. The second story features two bedrooms, each with its own private balcony. Designed based on a seven-foot square grid, the house is visually anchored to a single mass of windowless concrete block forming the walls of the small basement and kitchen and extending beyond the roofline, obscuring various vents and the large skylight to the kitchen ("workspace") below. The house is constructed of cedar and painted cinder block and continues Wrights tradition of custom patterned wood cutout window lattice known as fretwork.</p><br>
<p>The Gordon House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 2004. It is cared for by the Gordon House Conservancy and available for small catered gatherings. When not reserved, the house is available for public tours as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>The Herbert C. Hoover Building is the Washington, D.C. headquarters of the United States Department of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>The building is located at 1401 Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., on the block bounded by Constitution Avenue NW to the south, Pennsylvania Avenue NW to the north, 15th Street NW to the west, and 14th Street NW to the east. It is located in the Federal Triangle, east of President&#39;s Park South (the Ellipse), north of the National Mall, and west of other Department of Commerce buildings, the John A. Wilson Building (District Building with the government of the District of Columbia / Washington, D.C.), and the Ronald Reagan Building. The building is owned by the General Services Administration.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1932, it was renamed after Herbert Hoover in 1981. Hoover served as Secretary of Commerce (1921–1928) and later President (1929–1933). The closest Washington Metro station is Federal Triangle. The White House Visitor Center (on the first floor) is in the Hoover Building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Department of Commerce was established after President William Howard Taft signed legislation creating the department on his last day in office, March 4, 1913, splitting the former Department of Commerce and Labor into the Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, Congress authorized the purchase of land in what is now known as the Federal Triangle for departmental offices. The authorization was part of a wave of government construction; the 1926 Public Buildings Act permitted the government to hire private architects for the design of federal buildings, which led to large-scale construction of public buildings, including the development of the 70 acre Federal Triangle site between the Capitol and the White House.</p><br>
<p>Soon afterward Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon and the Board of Architectural Consultants, composed of leading architects and headed by Edward H. Bennett of the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett, Parsons, and Frost, developed design guidelines for the site. Under Bennett&#39;s direction, each member of the board designed one of the buildings in the Federal Triangle complex to "provide each government agency or bureau with a building that would address its functional needs, while combining the individual buildings into a harmonious, monumental overall design expressive of the dignity and authority of the federal government."</p><br>
<p>Louis Ayres, a member of the board, was selected as the architect for the Department of Commerce Building. Ayres, Arthur Brown Jr. (assigned to the Interstate Commerce Commission building, now one of the Environmental Protection Agency buildings) and William Adams Delano (assigned to the United States Post Office Department Building, now the William J. Clinton Federal Building) were charged with forming the west end of the Triangle and creating an open green mall.</p><br>
<p>Construction began on October 4, 1927, when Herbert Hoover was the Secretary of Commerce, and the cornerstone was laid on July 10, 1929, early in Hoovers presidential term. The building was completed in 1932; The building was renamed after Hoover in December 1981 by act of Congress. USA Representative Arlan Stangeland of Minnesota co-sponsored the bill and asked the House of Representatives to "pay tribute to this great Commerce Secretary", making no mention of Hoovers presidency, which was marked by the beginning of the Great Depression. Democratic Representative John G. Fary of Illinois, chairman of the House Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Grounds brought the bill up for consideration as a favor to Republicans. An aide was quoted as saying, "He was a little concerned what some people might think of him bringing up a bill to honor Herbert Hoover in the midst of a Republican recession." The building was officially dedicated as the Herbert C. Hoover Building on April 25, 1983, coinciding with the release of the first volume of George H. Nash&#39;s biography The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer.</p><br>
<p>Only limited upgrades were made to the Herbert Hoover Building after 1932. By 2007, all other buildings in Federal Triangle had been renovated except the Herbert Hoover Building.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the General Services Administration announced an eight-phase, 13-year, $960 million modernization and renovation of the Herbert Hoover Building. The National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) approved the renovation project in 2007. The phases, each of which is to last 18 months, include:</p><br>
<p>Phase 1 — Construction of "swing space" to house staff while renovations occur; replacement of the HVAC system cooling towers on the roof.</p><br>
<p>Phase 2 — Renovation of the interior Corridor 1 (which runs parallel to Constitution Avenue NW); restoration of the entire exterior facade; and replacement of major utilities serving the building.</p><br>
<p>Phase 3 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 2 (the second corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW).</p><br>
<p>Phase 4 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 3 (the third corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW).</p><br>
<p>Phase 5 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 4 (the fourth corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW).</p><br>
<p>Phase 6 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 5 (the fifth corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW).</p><br>
<p>Phase 7 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 6 (the sixth corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW).</p><br>
<p>Phase 8 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 2 (the corridor parallel to Pennsylvania Avenue NW).</p><br>
<p>GSAs Federal Building Fund will contribute $605 million toward the renovation, while the Department of Commerces contribution is $128 million. Another $225.6 million, provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, funded Phases 2 and 3. Both GSA and the Department of Commerce contributions are dependent upon annual congressional appropriations. The Great Recession provided GSA with $40 million in savings.</p><br>
<p>The project also proposed creating a new Constitution Avenue entrance for the National Aquarium. The NCPC approved this redesign in 2010.</p><br>
<p>By late 2012, however, budget cuts led to an indefinite delay in completing the project. Nonetheless, GSA pressed ahead with plans in February 2012 to create a more secure barrier around the Herbert Hoover Building. GSA proposed a steel cable barrier concealed by stone cladding, deep-buried steel piers, and collapsing sidewalks. Beautification elements included two reflecting pools along 14th Street NW, which would include public seating and Capital Bikeshare stations.</p><br>
<h2>Design and art</h2><br>
<p>The building is rectangular and measures approximately 320 ft east to west and 1,020 ft north to south. The large, oversized bronze doors were manufactured by the General Bronze Corporation. doors</p><br>
<p>The Malcolm Baldrige Great Hall is located on the first floor of the north end of the building, facing Pennsylvania Avenue, houses the White House Visitor Center, operated by the National Park Service. The Great Hall is 225 ft long and 62 ft wide and was originally used as the Patent Search Room for more than three million patents cataloged by the Department of Commerce (the United States Patent and Trademark Office is part of the Commerce Department). As part of the United States Bicentennial celebrations, the Great Hall became the Bicentennial Visitor Center in 1976 and until 1989 housed the Washington Tourist Information Center. Renovations began in July 1993 with the restoration of the ornate plaster ceiling to restore the simple elegance of the Great Hall. The original Indiana limestone walls, bronze doors, Vermont marble base and accent flooring, and Italianate bronze chandeliers were cleaned and refurbished. In March 1995 the White House Visitor Center was opened. Aspects of other buildings built in Federal Triangle in the 1930s are present in the building, including courtyards – natural light and ventilation are provided to inner offices by six interior courtyards – and a Neoclassical (Greek Revival) architectural style (a Doric colonnade on three sides).</p><br>
<p>The 15th Street western facade stretches almost three city blocks and has four pedimented pavilions featuring limestone pediment sculpture by James Earle Fraser, Haig Patigian, Joseph Kiselewski, and Ulysses Ricci. John Donnelley Company was the stone carver on all the pediments. The National Aquarium was located in the basement and was open to the public since the building was completed in 1932 until 2013.</p><br>
<p>Also located inside the building is the Commerce Research Library, a Federal Agency Library which is open to the public but is used mainly by Commerce and other federal government employees and academics. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Census Bureau, all part of the Department of Commerce, maintain their own library collections.</p><br>
<p>Because the Census Bureau is a part of the Commerce Department, the official Population Clock at one point was located in the lobby of the Hoover Building. It briefly malfunctioned in 1982 when it showed some 50 million more Americans than estimated. The clock now resides at the Census Bureau&#39;s headquarters in Suitland, Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>National Aquarium in Washington, D.C.</h2><br>
<p>The National Aquarium in Washington, D.C. was an aquarium in Washington, D.C. It was located in the Herbert C. Hoover Building and was moved to the building at its creation in 1932. It was the first free and public aquarium in the US. It closed on September 30, 2013, after Budget sequestration in 2013, having permanently lost its location due to the renovation of the Herbert C. Hoover Building. This was the first time that the Aquarium closed in the 140 years since its opening in 1873. The Museum is considering ways of opening at another location in Washington, D.C., but has no specific plans yet.</p><br>
<p>The Old Lakeland High School, also formerly known as the Polk Opportunity Center, is an historic 3-story redbrick school building located at 400 North Florida Avenue in Lakeland, Florida, USA. Built in 1926, it was designed by architect Edward Columbus Hosford in the late Gothic Revival architectural style.</p><br>
<p>On September 30, 1993, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Over the years the building has housed several different schools including the Polk Opportunity Center, Lakeland Junior High School, and Lakeland Middle Academy. Lakeland Middle Academy was renamed Lawton Chiles Middle Academy in 1999, to honor the passing of former Florida governor Lawton Chiles—himself an alumnus of Lakeland High School.</p><br>
<p>The Bellerose Village Municipal Complex is a municipal government office complex & civic center located at 50 Superior Road and Magee Plaza in the Village of Bellerose, in Nassau County, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Designed by architect Anthony Waldeier in a combined Tudor Revival/Colonial Revival style, the Bellerose Village Municipal Complex consists of Bellerose Village Hall, the Bellerose Women&#39;s Club Building, the Bellerose Fire Hall, and the Bellerose Police Booth.</p><br>
<p>On August 1, 2024, it was listed on the New York State Register of Historic Places. One month later, on September 28, 2006, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Great Sierra Wagon Road was a route through the Sierra Nevada in California, built to bring supplies to the Great Sierra Mine on Tioga Hill in the high country of what was to become Yosemite National Park. The road was built in 1882 by the Great Sierra Silver Mining Company, extending over 56.25 mi, in 130 days. The mine promptly shut down, leaving the road without a purpose. In 1915 the road was purchased by Stephen T. Mather, the independently wealthy first director of the National Park Service, who donated it to the Park Service. The Park Service opened the road to the public, calling it the Tioga Road. Designated California State Route 120, the road traverses the park from its west to east entrances.</p><br>
<p>The portion of the road that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1978, is now known as the Old Tioga Road, left behind when the Tioga Road was realigned to avoid Aspen Valley in the western part of the park. The Old Tioga Road is a park service road, not open to the public apart from a short section that provides access to private inholdings. The road preserves stone retaining walls, known as "Chinese Walls" after the Chinese laborers who built them. The service road section remains largely unchanged from its original construction.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys Episcopal Church, also known as St. Marys, Foggy Bottom or St. Marys Chapel, is a historic Episcopal church located at 730 23rd Street, N.W. in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C. On April 2, 1973, St. Marys Episcopal Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Saint Marys was founded in 1867 by former members of The Church of the Epiphany, located in Downtown, Washington, D.C. St. Marys was the citys first African American Episcopal congregation. The congregation originally met in a Civil War barracks building known as St. Marys Chapel for Colored People with the first Morning Prayer service held on June 9, 1867.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed by architects Renwick, Aspinwall & Russell in 1887, the building is an example of Gothic Revival architecture. Decorative features include a timber roof and Tiffany glass windows.</p><br>
<p>St. Marks Episcopal Church, also known as St. Marks, Capitol Hill, is a historic Episcopal church located at 3rd and A Streets, Southeast in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Built 1888&ndash;1894, the church is an example of Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival architectures.</p><br>
<p>The red brick structure has a modified basilica floorplan with no apse. The interior features cast iron columns and hammerbeam trusses.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Marks began as a mission of Christ Church in 1867. In 1868, the mission organized its own congregation and built its first permanent structure on Beale Terrace between 2nd and 3rd Streets, a site now occupied by the John Adams Building of the Library of Congress. In 1869, it became St. Marks Memorial Parish and in 1870, St. Mark&#39;s Parish.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, the congregation acquired the land where the present church stands and began raising funds for construction. The cornerstone was laid September 17, 1888 and the first services were held February 23, 1889. Initially, the new building was connected to the existing chapel which then was used as a parish hall. The old structure was demolished in 1894 allowing the nave to be extended and the chancel, high altar and spire to be added.</p><br>
<p>When the Diocese of Washington was created from the Diocese of Maryland in 1895, St. Mark&#39;s was chosen as the first cathedral in 1896 and served in this capacity until 1902. The Munich stained glass windows were installed between 1888 and 1947 and include a Tiffany window in the baptistry created in 1888.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s and 1950s, church membership declined as residents moved from the area to the expanding suburbs. A group of dedicated members set out to revitalize the congregation in 1954 and began programs to relate to new residents of the neighborhood. Among the new programs was a ministry to the deaf.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, the church underwent a major renovation with movable chairs replacing the pews allowing the nave to be used for events other than worship services.</p><br>
<p>On May 8, 1973, St. Mark&#39;s Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is a contributing property to the Capitol Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Today, the church sponsors a number of education programs, community groups, concerts and markets its own craft beer known as Winged Lion Lager. The beer is an outgrowth of its popular weekly pub lunch after Sunday services.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>In 1988/89, a pipe organ originally built by the Holtkamp firm in 1958 for Christ Church in Baltimore (opus 1720) was installed by David M. Storey. Four new stops in the Swell division and a new combination action were added. The instrument has 36 stops/39 ranks, the console has three manuals.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Episcopal Church, built in the late 1760s, is a historic Episcopal church located at 5486 St. Pauls Road, off Virginia Route 206 in the Owens area of King George, Virginia, United States. It is the parish church of historic St. Pauls Parish which was formed in the early 1660s. On May 25, 1973, St. Pauls was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Church ** (added 1973 - Building - #73002028)</p><br>
<p>W of Owens off VA 206, Owens</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Event, Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Unknown</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Colonial</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture, Religion</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1750-1799</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Church is still in use as a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Virginia. The rector of the parish is the Reverend (Padre) Lee Gandiya.</p><br>
<p>Camillus Union Free School is a building built in 1912 and 1913 in the Village of Camillus, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The original two-story school building has a U-shaped plan. It was designed by architect Eugene Sacket of Syracuse and was constructed in 1912 and 1913. A gymnasium was added in 1928 and an elementary-school wing was added in made in 1965. The original building was largely intact as of 1991, except for the loss of a cupola that was removed after a 1951 fire. The National Register listing includes the original building and the 1928 addition. The school was deemed architecturally significant as an example of a "small village school" built in the early decades of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It is located at First and LeRoy Streets, across a field from Nine Mile Creek. Downstream is the Nine Mile Creek Aqueduct, another Registered Historic Place.</p><br>
<p>The All Saints Episcopal Church church building, a historic Carpenter Gothic structure at Hall and Harrison streets, in DeQuincy, Louisiana, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It was occupied by Grace Church, a non-denominational church in the United States. In 2022, it was turned over to a new pastor and in 2023 it was purchased by Set Free Fellowship Church, a non-denominational church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in 1885 for Holy Trinity Episcopal Church in Patterson, which is over 160 miles east of DeQuincy. Holy Trinity closed when its membership dwindled and it stood unused for several years. In 1942 it was bought by All Saints which had it dismantled and taken to DeQuincy, where it was slowly reassembled. It was reconsecrated by a bishop in 1946 as All Saints Episcopal Church. The move and the addition of a side wing did not alter its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 20, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>Set Free Fellowship Church is an active congregation which holds Sunday services as well as special events. Also the church building is available for weddings and community events.</p><br>
<p>The Arden Park–East Boston Historic District is a neighborhood located in Detroit, Michigan, bounded on the west by Woodward Avenue, on the north by East Boston Boulevard, on the east by Oakland Avenue, and on the south by Arden Park Boulevard. The area is immediately adjacent to the much larger and better-known Boston-Edison Historic District, which is on the west side of Woodward Avenue, and also close to the Atkinson Avenue which is just south of Boston-Edison. There are 92 homes in the district, all on East Boston or Arden Park Boulevards. Arden Park Boulevard and East Boston Boulevard feature prominent grassy medians with richly planted trees and flowers. The setbacks of the homes are deep, with oversized lots. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The neighborhood was originally platted in 1892 by Joseph R. McLaughlin and Edmund J. Owen along two streets east of Woodward: specifically, East Boston Boulevard and East Chicago Boulevard. and given the name "McLaughlin and Owens Subdivision." The lots were spacious to attract the citys wealthier residents. The subdivision was sold twice before being purchased by Max Broock, a prominent real estate developer, in 1910. At Broock&#39;s urging, the name of "East Chicago" was changed to "Arden Park," giving the thoroughfare its present name.</p><br>
<p>Although the neighborhood was first platted in 1892, most of the homes built in the community date to the first two decades of the Twentieth Century. This time period coincided with an economic boom in Detroit, and many newly minted millionaires hired architects to design prestigious dwellings in the neighborhood. Architectural styles represented in Arden Park–East Boston include Italian Renaissance, Colonial Revival, Tudor, Bungalow style and Prairie Style.</p><br>
<p>Some of the neighborhood&#39;s first residents included automotive icons Frederick Fisher and John Dodge, retail pioneer J.L. Hudson, Clayton and Albert Grinnell. Another retail magnate, Stanley Kresge, Jr. of K-Mart fame, lived in the community. The home of Frederick Fisher, on Arden Park Boulevard, was built in 1918 in the Italian Villa style to the plan of architect George D. Mason. The residence—which comprises nearly 12,000 ft&sup2;—is built entirely of Indiana limestone and features elaborate stone-carvings and ironwork.</p><br>
<p>211 Arden Park was built in 1914 by Hans Gehrke for a renowned jeweler of the time Robert C.J. Traub (until 1911, the Traub Bros. & Co. jewelry store was located where Foran&#39;s Grand Trunk Pub is now located in downtown Detroit. The store later moved to the corner of Woodward Avenue and Grand River). The Traub house was featured on the cover of the "House Beautiful" magazine in 1914, as well as every page of that issue featured interiors of the house. This source provided an opportunity for maintaining architecture and interior design of the house in its original state.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhoods most prominent landmark is the Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament. Next door to the cathedral, is the personal residence of Detroits Roman Catholic archbishop.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s, notable residents included Dr. Dewitt Burton, founder of the Burton Mercy Hospital; Charles Diggs, Sr. first black elected to the Michigan State Senate (father of Charles Diggs, Jr.), and Dr. Haley Bell, dentist, and the first black to receive an FCC license to operate a radio station (WCHB).</p><br>
<p>Today, the city neighborhood is home largely to professionals, many of whom work in downtown Detroit. The neighborhood is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the State of Michigan Register of Historic Sites, and is a City of Detroit Designated Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Schools</h2><br>
<p>Residents are zoned to schools in the Detroit Public Schools district. Residents are assigned to Loving Elementary School, Golightly Education Center (6-8), and Central High School.</p><br>
<p>Nine Mile Creek Aqueduct is a restored stone and wood aqueduct of the Erie Canal over Nine Mile Creek in Camillus, New York, United States. It was built in 1841 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The towpath part of the structure has four arches of 30 ft each. The structure was built of stone joined by a marine cement that was relatively new at the time, but which has endured well.</p><br>
<p>The aqueduct is within the Camillus Erie Canal Park. Restoration work began in 2008 on the wooden bottom and sides of the aqueduct, enabling it to carry water again, and enabling reconnection of the two 1 mi segments of the Erie Canal on either side.</p><br>
<p>In August 2009, boats traversed the restored aqueduct for the first time since 1917.</p><br>
<p>It is located off Thompson Road in Camillus, about one mile east from Sims Store. It is a few hundred yards walking distance from a small parking area on Thompson Road.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Good Shepherd is an historic Episcopal church building located at 715 Kirkman Street in Lake Charles, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, United States. Designed by noted Dallas architect C.W. Bulger in the Gothic Revival style of architecture, it was built of stone in 1896.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1983 and was added as a contributing property to the Lake Charles Historic District at the time of its creation on March 16, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Good Shepherd is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Western Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church is a historic church located at Melendy Hill Road and US Route 5 in Guilford, Vermont. Built in 1817 and later given Gothic Revival styling, it was the first Episcopal Church in Vermont. On May 13, 1982, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Christ Church is set on a rise just south of Guilfords village center, overlooking Broad Brook and the junction of Melendy Hill Road and United States Route 5. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboard siding, and a brick foundation. Its front facade is dominated by a projecting square tower, which rises 60 ft in two stages. The tall lower stage has the main entrance, which is framed by pilasters and topped by a semi-oval fanlight window, at the base, and windows topped by half-round fans above, and is topped by a cornice and parapet with pinnacles at the corners. The smaller second stage houses the belfry, with rounded louver openings on each face, and is crowned by a similar parapet and pinnacles. The parapet and pinnacle detail is repeated across the rest of the main facades cornice line.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1817 with local materials, and was originally a copy of an Episcopal church located in Greenfield, Massachusetts, which is no longer standing. The bronze bell was installed in 1830. In 1837 the building was given the overlay of Gothic Revival details it exhibits today. At that time the original raised pulpit was lowered to the dais, for which for of the original box pews were removed.</p><br>
<p>The church congregation was first part of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts until the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont was created in 1832. It suffered a steady decline in size, reflecting that of the town itself. Christ Church ceased to be an active parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont before the 1900s, but has never been deconsecrated and is still used occasionally for Episcopal church services. It has been restored and is now maintained by the Christ Church Guilford Society which uses it primarily as a venue for musical and other cultural events as well as weddings and civil unions.</p><br>
<p>The pianist Rudolf Serkin is buried in the church cemetery, as is Union Army general John Wolcott Phelps.</p><br>
<p>Wellington House, also known as Charles Estabrook Mansion, is a historic home located at Fayetteville, Onondaga County, New York. It was designed by Ward Wellington Ward built in 1922–1923. The main house is a two-story, brick, stone, and half-timber Tudor Revival style mansion topped by a prominent slate roof. It features a Tudor-arched front porch and stone portal. In addition to the main house, the property includes the contributing gardener&#39;s residence; combined garage, stables, and greenhouse building; formal garden; brick gateway; two small utility buildings; and the original curving drive.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Gang House, also known as the Gang Residence, is a historic home in Syracuse, New York designed by Ward Wellington Ward. It was built in 1914 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The house is gabled and has a complex facade. It is brick-clad on the first floor exterior, and stuccoed above.</p><br>
<p>The nearby Chapman House was also designed by Ward.</p><br>
<p>The Blanchard House, also known as the Blanchard Residence, is a Ward Wellington Ward-designed home built in 1914 in Syracuse, New York, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. An arbor in the back yard and a garage at the rear of the property were both also designed by Ward.</p><br>
<p>BlanchardHs2sm.jpgDetail, December 2008</p><br>
<p>BlanchardHs3sm.jpgArbor and garage; the arbor has been rebuilt following the original design.</p><br>
<p>The Babcock-Shattuck House  is a prominent house at the corner of East Genesee and Westcott Streets in Syracuse, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Queen Anne-style house was built in the mid-1890s to be the home of Dr. Archer D. Babcock, a founding member of the Crouse-Irving Hospital. It was Babcock&#39;s home until 1913.</p><br>
<p>Beginning during World War II, it was a post of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America. They converted the second floor into a large meeting room. During the tenure of this organization, the house played an important role in the Jewish community of Syracuse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The house was restored by the University Neighborhood Preservation Association and was divided into 4 condominium units, 3 owned by the association and 1 by a private owner. An open house was held in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Fairchild House, also known as the Fairchild Residence, is a Ward Wellington Ward-designed home in Syracuse, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>It is listed for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>FairchildHouse 2007 12 16 pic1sm.jpg</p><br>
<p>FairchildHouse 2007 12 16 pic2sm.jpgHouse and garage</p><br>
<p>FairchildHouse 2007 12 16 pic4sm.jpgMatching garage</p><br>
<p>Poehlman House, also known as Poehlman Residence, was designed by Ward Wellington Ward. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It is currently a private residence.</p><br>
<p>It was listed for its Colonial Revival and Arts and Crafts architecture. An Arts and Crafts style detail is the use of moon influences in the decorative shutters on the house. It is located in the Scottholm Tract Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Ashton House, also known as the Ashton residence, is a Ward Wellington Ward-designed home built in 1913 in Syracuse, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Architecture of Ward Wellington Ward in Syracuse MPS in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Features include a wraparound porch, a Mercer tile fireplace and a Keck studio stained glass interior window.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 301 Salt Springs Road in the Salt Springs neighborhood of Syracuse.</p><br>
<p>The Chapman House, also known as the Chapman Residence, in Syracuse, New York was built in 1912. Along with other Ward Wellington Ward-designed homes, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>It shows Colonial Revival and Arts and Crafts elements, and is located at the corner of Danforth and Park, two blocks from North Salina Street.</p><br>
<p>The nearby Gang House was also designed by Ward.</p><br>
<p>Tall Timbers Plantation was a quail hunting plantation located in northern Leon County, Florida, United States established by Edward Beadel in 1895.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1826, John Phinzy of Georgia purchased Lot 4 of Section 22, Township 3 North, Range 1 East. In 1827, Samuel Bryan purchased Lot 1, Section 22 and Island 3 on Lake Iamonia within Section 22.</p><br>
<p>In 1834, Dr. Griffin W. Holland, of Virginia purchased Lots 2 and 3 of Section 22, Township 3 North, Range 1 East naming the property Woodlawn. Dr. Holland lived at Woodlawn for about 10 years. Holland sold the land to Alexander Mosely in 1871.</p><br>
<p>Edward Beadel was an avid sportsman from New York City and had been coming to the Piney Woods Hotel, a massive wood structure in Thomasville, Georgia for some time. The hotel was built around 1885 and attracted New Yorkers to Thomasville during the winter months. (The Piney Woods burned in 1906).</p><br>
<p>Beadel would often cross the Florida border to hunt on the property of Charlie Davis. Beadel was so impressed with Leon County that he purchased 2,200 acre of land along the north shore of Lake Iamonia for $8000. The property had been owned by the heirs of Eugene H. Smith and was called Hickory Hill. It consisted of land from the former Woodlawn Plantation and other land to the west. Beadel built a $3000 home where a plantation house had once stood and renamed the property Tall Timbers. The home had its own water tower, boat house, and other outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>Tall Timbers was used not only for quail hunting, but also rabbit, dove, pheasant and duck.</p><br>
<p>In 1919, Edward Beadel died and the property passed to his nephew, Henry Ludlow Beadel who had been hunting in Leon County since 1894. Henry Beadel enlarged the plantation to 2,800 acre. Field hunting was accomplished via horse-drawn carriage. For duck hunting, Henry used a handmade tin boat of between 8 and 9 feet in length. Tall Timbers also had a number of canoes. By this time, the house had a huge stone fireplace and rustic furniture fit for a lodge. The exterior had a sweeping porch facing the lake.</p><br>
<p>Adjacent plantations: In 1947 Foshalee Plantation bordered Tall Timbers on the east. In 1967, Mistletoe Plantation bordered Tall Timbers on the extreme northwest.</p><br>
<p>Henry Beadel&#39;s will left the plantation for use as a nature preserve for wildlife research. In 1963, his cousin, also named Henry Beadel, established the Tall Timbers Research Station Foundation for land and wildlife management. On April 7, 1989, 2,800 acre of the property was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Estabrook House in Syracuse, New York was built in 1909. Along with other Ward Wellington Ward-designed homes in Syracuse, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The home&#39;s design includes a gambrel roof and a jettied second story.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 819 Comstock Ave. in Syracuse.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Estabrook Mansion is another Ward home, in Fayetteville outside Syracuse.</p><br>
<p>The Fuller House, also known as the Fuller Residence, in Syracuse, New York was designed by Ward Wellington Ward. Along with other homes he designed, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The house includes Craftsman architectural style elements.</p><br>
<p>It is located directly across Salt Springs Road from the Harry N. Burhans House, a house that was substantially revised by Ward.</p><br>
<p>Frank Garrett House, also known as the Garrett Residence, in Syracuse, New York, was built in 1913. Along with other Ward Wellington Ward-designed homes, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>It is listed for its architecture. The most distinctive feature on the outside of the house was that its roof was made to look like an English Cottage thatched roof. As can be seen in the photos taken in January, 2009, the roof has been covered with modern asphalt shingles and the house sported a "For Sale by Owner" sign. The Mercer fireplace in the first floor living room, customary in Ward Wellington Ward houses, is an exceptionally impressive one depicting St. George and the Dragon.</p><br>
<p>In January 2011, the Garrett House was purchased by a private buyer and was in the process of being restored.</p><br>
<p>The 2021 book Wayward by author Dana Spiotta features the house prominently in the story. The house has sat vacant.</p><br>
<p>Kelly House or Kelly Residence is located at 2205 East Genesee Street in Syracuse, New York. It was built in 1923. Along with other Ward Wellington Ward-designed homes such as the adjacent Collins House, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It is currently a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The house features a Mercer tile fireplace with tiles depicting 12 trades, and built-in bookcases.</p><br>
<p>The house fronts on East Genesee Street, but is on an L-shaped lot which provides access to Allen Street as well. The Collins House is at the corner of the two streets.</p><br>
<p>KellyHouse 1front sm.jpgFront, view from East Genesee Street</p><br>
<p>KellyHouse 3sideandrear sm.jpgSide and rear</p><br>
<p>CollinsHs and KellyHs sm.jpgCollins and Kelly houses</p><br>
<p>Sanderson House is a Ward Wellington Ward-designed house in Syracuse, New York designed in the British Regency architectural style and built in 1922. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was listed for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>The house was built for Amon F. Sanderson, an officer of the Scottholm Company which developed the Scottholm Tract in 1911. Sanderson also commissioned, for his own residence, Sanderson House at 112 Scottholm Terrace. It is located in the Scottholm Tract Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Sanderson House, also known as Sanderson Residence, is a historic house located in Syracuse, New York. It was built in 1916. Along with other Ward Wellington Ward-designed homes, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1916 for Amon F. Sanderson, an officer of the Scottholm Company which developed the Scottholm Tract in 1911. Sanderson also commissioned Sanderson House at 301 Scottholm Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>It was listed for its architecture. The house exemplifies Ward&#39;s Arts and Crafts style and also Prairie Style. It is one of five nearly identical homes in Syracuse designed by Ward. The others are at 464 Allen Street, 100 Berkeley Drive, 1917 West Colvin Street, and 116 Rugby Road. It is located in the Scottholm Tract Historic District and is currently a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The Ziegler House, also known as Ziegler Residence, in Syracuse, New York was designed by architect Ward Wellington Ward and built in 1915. Along with other Ward Wellington Ward-designed homes, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It is a -story house. The property includes a garage also designed by Ward, which included a turntable so that vehicles would not have to be backed out of the driveway. The turntable is not functional.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed for its architecture. The living room includes a Mercer tile fireplace.</p><br>
<p>As of the 1997 listing, the kitchen was one of very few original kitchens in a Ward-designed home.</p><br>
<p>St. Bartholomews Episcopal Church is a historic church building located on Vermont Route 118 in Montgomery, Vermont in the United States. Its congregation was formed in 1821 as Union Episcopal Church. Church construction began in 1833 and was completed in 1835, when it was consecrated by the Rt. Rev. John Henry Hopkins, first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont. In 1897 its name was changed to St. Bartholomews Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>The congregation disbanded and the church was deconsecrated in 1974. It is owned by the Montgomery Historical Society and is now known as Pratt Hall. On October 1, 1988, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The building is a prominent early example of Gothic Revival architecture in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Pratt Hall stands in the village of Montgomery, just southwest of its triangular common on the northwest side of Vermont 118. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboarded exterior, and square tower. The tower projects from the otherwise unadorned front facade, with a Gothic-arched entrance at the base, with narrow lancet-arch windows on the sides, and an oculus window above the entrance. The second stage houses the belfry, and is separated from the clock stage by a cornice. The tower is topped by a crenelated parapet. The interior contains elaborate woodwork in the Gothic style.</p><br>
<p>Montgomerys Episcopal congregation was one of the first in the town. This was its first church building, erected from 1832 to 1835 on land purchased in 1829. The church is one of Vermonts oldest examples of Gothic Revival architecture. Its construction began not long after completion of the first documented example of this style in Arlington. Originally a union church (shared by multiple congregations), this was soon used exclusively by the Episcopalians, as other denominations built their own churches. With its congregation in decline, in 1927 the church reduced its services to summer only, when more visitors came to town.</p><br>
<p>In 1972 the diocese decided that the building was no longer safe for use and was going to demolish it. The Montgomery Historical Society bought the building in 1974, and has restored and maintained it since then. In addition to using Pratt Hall for its own meetings, the society makes it available for others to use as a venue for weddings, small concerts, talks, or other community gatherings. The society named the building in honor of its founder, Lawrence Pratt, who was the driving force in rescuing the building from destruction.</p><br>
<p>The Comstock Tract Buildings of Syracuse University are a set of buildings that were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The name assigned in the listing was "Syracuse University-Comstock Tract Buildings". Included in the registration are 15 buildings, all located on the original Syracuse University campus, a tract of land originally donated by George F. Comstock. The buildings include what has been known as the "Old Row".</p><br>
<p>* Archbold Gymnasium (1907)</p><br>
<p>* Bowne Hall (1907)</p><br>
<p>* Carnegie Library (1907)</p><br>
<p>* Crouse College (1888–89) (separately listed on the NRHP in 1974)</p><br>
<p>* Hendricks Chapel (1933)</p><br>
<p>* Hall of Languages (1873) (separately listed on the NRHP in 1973)</p><br>
<p>* Holden Observatory (1887)</p><br>
<p>* Maxwell Hall (1937)</p><br>
<p>* Lyman C. Smith Hall (1902)</p><br>
<p>* Lyman Hall of Natural History (1907)</p><br>
<p>* Machinery Hall (1907)</p><br>
<p>* Sims Hall (1907)</p><br>
<p>* Slocum Hall (1919)</p><br>
<p>* Steele Hall (1898)</p><br>
<p>* Tolley Administration Building (1889)</p><br>
<p>Union Episcopal Church, also known as the English Church, is a historic church located on Old Church Road in Claremont, New Hampshire, in the United States. Built in 1773, it is the oldest surviving Episcopal church building in New Hampshire and is also the state&#39;s oldest surviving building built exclusively for religious purposes. It is still an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire. On February 1, 1980, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The parish was organized in 1771 and chartered by the New Hampshire legislature in 1794 as Union Church Parish. At that time local Episcopalians and Congregationalists were considering uniting to hire one minister to serve both groups, but this never happened. The next year the Rev. Daniel Barber, who had once been a Congregational minister, became Unions rector. His son, the Rev. Virgil Barber, also became an Episcopal priest, but left the church in 1816 to become a Jesuit priest and to later found St. Marys Parish in Claremont, the first Roman Catholic church in New Hampshire.</p><br>
<p>When the church was built, it did not originally have a tower, and was a relatively modest structure despite its massive roof framing timbers. The tower was added in 1801, and the building was lengthened by some 25 ft in 1820, at which time a pulpit and reading desk were added. These interior additions were removed in 1850 and replaced by the present altar configuration. The property also includes a relatively rare set of period horse sheds.</p><br>
<p>The New Harmony Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District in New Harmony, Indiana. It received its landmark designation in 1965, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966, with a boundary increase in 2000. The district includes properties within the Historic New Harmony State Historic Site. Twelve buildings from the early 19th century and twenty from the mid-19th century are within the district. The original boundary was Main Street between Granary and Church Streets and was later increased to include the area bounded by North and Steam Mill Streets and between Third and Arthur Streets.</p><br>
<p>The district was nominated for the National Register under the themes of social and humanitarian movement, with areas of significance including architecture, social history, and science. Its period of significance, 1814 to 1867, covers the Harmonist and Owen/Maclure eras in New Harmonys history. Individuals and groups who have made significant contributions to the towns utopian communities and have ties to the structures within the district include the Harmony Society, George Rapp, Robert Owen, Robert Dale Owen, David Dale Owen, Thomas Say, Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, William Maclure, Joseph Neef, and Marie Duclos Fretageot, among others.</p><br>
<h2>District history</h2><br>
<p>The State of Indiana created the first New Harmony Memorial Commission in 1937 to help preserve and protect the community&#39;s history. Following the restoration of several historic properties, the state interpreted the site as the New Harmony State Memorial, which was later renamed the New Harmony State Historic Site. In 1965 a study completed by the National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings identified New Harmony as a place of national significance. That same year, New Harmony was designated a National Historic Landmark district by the USA Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<p>A second New Harmony Memorial Commission, established in 1973, assisted with further preservation and development efforts. Between 1974 and 1980, Historic New Harmony, Inc., a private, nonprofit organization with grant funding from The Lilly Endowment, Inc., acquired and restored additional properties of historical significance. In 1977 National Park Service historian Joseph Mendinghall prepared a nomination for 19 properties with ties to the Harmonist/Owenite era, 1814 to 1867. These properties, spread throughout the community, were listed in the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1977; however, additional resources, including the original grid plan of the town and the site of the original Harmonist churches were not included in the nomination.</p><br>
<p>In 1985 the University of Southern Indiana partnered with Historic New Harmony to preserve and maintain the towns historic structures and to offer educational and cultural programs. In 1991 Historic New Harmony combined its resources with the state-owned New Harmony State Historic Site to establish a "unified program" of the University of Southern Indiana and the Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites. The states New Harmony Memorial Commission oversees the efforts of the two groups.</p><br>
<p>A National Register of Historic Places nomination with an expanded boundary for the New Harmony Historic District was published on May 3, 2000. The boundary increase included resources dating from 1825 to 1867, the period when New Harmony was purchased by Robert Owen until the Owenite influence on the town waned after the American Civil War. As of May 2012, the Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites operates and preserves several properties within the New Harmony Historic District: Community House Number 2, Thralls Opera House, Fauntleroy House, Harmonist Cemetery, Harmonist Labyrinth, and Mattias Scholle House. Other sites within the district include Philip Johnsons Roofless Church; New Harmony&#39;s Atheneum, an award-winning contemporary design by Richard Meier, completed in 1979, that serves as the visitors center for touring the historic district; and Maple Hill Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and sites</h2><br>
<p>Twenty-five buildings and eight sites within the district were built by the Harmony Society between 1814 and 1824. Homes that are listed separately on the National Register include: Amon Clarence Thomas House, Mattias Scholle House, Ludwig Epple House, and George Bentel House. The National Historic Landmark nomination for the district&#39;s boundary increase identified 59 contributing and 99 noncontributing structures. The expanded district includes sixteen properties already designated as National Historic Landmarks, resources from previous NHL designations, and additional buildings, sites, and structures from the Rappite/Harmonist and Owenite communities.</p><br>
<p>The district includes reconstructed log cabins, a potter&#39;s shop, and barns representative of early Harmonist structures. The sites of early Harmonist churches, the Harmonist cemetery, and a cemetery wall built from brick used in the second Harmonist church are also part of the historic district. The cemetery, in keeping with Harmonist tradition of equality among all its members, has no gravestones within the cemetery wall. Native American mounds from the Middle Woodland Period more than two thousand years old are also found on the cemetery grounds. Church Park includes the sites of the first (1815 to 1822) and second (1822) Harmonist churches.</p><br>
<p>Other notable Harmonist sites and structures include the Rope Walk, part of the original 1,100-foot walk used to stretch, dry, and twist hemp into rope and the Harmonist Labyrinth, replanted and rebuilt in 1939 near its original site. Community House Number 2, a three-story, brick dormitory for single Harmonist members built in 1822, was later used by the Owen community for community activities, including a school. Thralls Opera House/Community House Number 4, built in 1824, is a two-story Harmonist brick community house with Romanesque Revival alterations. Originally a Harmonist dormitory, the Owen community used it as a family dwelling, warehouse, and a place for public events. Renamed Union Hall in 1859, the building was used as a theater for a local acting company. After Eugene Thrall became its sole owner in 1888, the building was renamed Thralls Opera House. In the early 20th century it was used as a nickelodeon movie house and later a gas station/garage before it was restored as a Victorian-era theater. The restored Rapp-Owen Granary, a five-story, brick, sandstone, and wood structure completed in 1818, is "the largest granary of its type built by German craftsmen in the United States" and "served as David Dale Owens laboratory from 1843 to 1859." (Owen was appointed Indianas first state geologist in 1837.) Operated as a wool mill and a cornmeal mill, the structure was reconverted to a granary and placed on the National Register in 1965. After a two-year restoration from 1997 to 1999, the granary serves as a museum and events facility.</p><br>
<p>The Harmonists also built timber-frame dwellings for its members. The David Lenz House, circa 1822, is a timber frame, two-story residence typical of the Harmonist period. Other Harmonist homes individually listed on the National Register include the Mattias Scholle House, a two-story, brick home of the towns shoemaker built in 1822; the Ludwig Epple House, a two-story frame home built in 1822; and the George Bentel House, another two-story example of brick construction, circa 1822. The Fauntleroy house, an 1822 two-story, frame Harmonist home modified in 1840, was the residence of the Franz Pfeil family, members of the Harmonist Society. Later residents include inventor Oliver Evans Jr. and the family of Robert Henry Fauntleroy and Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy. The Fauntleroys daughter, Constance, organized the Minerva Society, a womens literary club, in the homes parlor in 1859.</p><br>
<p>Structures built during the Owen period (1825 to 1867) generally reflect domestic architecture of the time. For example, the John Beal house, built circa 1829, reflects Federal/Greek Revival styles. The Owen House, known as "1830 House" and built by Robert Owen&#39;s sons, is a two-story, brick residence with a Federal style appearance. The Chadwick-Fretageot house is similar to the "1830 house." The David Dale Owen Laboratory is an 1849 Gothic Revival two-story brick laboratory, the Rapp-Maclure-Owen House, circa 1844, is a one-story, brick Greek Revival-style home, and the Schnee-Ribeyer-Elliott home is an 1867/1895 two and one-half story brick Greek Revival/Italianate home.</p><br>
<p>Two properties built outside the districts period of significance of 1814 to 1867 were grandfathered from the 1965 National Register designation because they relate to the continued work of the Workingmans Institute, founded by geologist and philanthropist William Maclure in 1838. These buildings include the Workingmen&#39;s Institute, a three-story, brick Romanesque Revival building constructed in 1894, and Murphy Auditorium, built in 1913, a three-story, brick Neoclassical auditorium. In addition to historically significant resources, the district includes over one hundred noncontributing buildings and sites constructed outside the Harmonist-Owenite period of significance.</p><br>
